Basic Requirement for Writing an Abstract †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Basic Requirement For Writing An Abstract? Answer: Introduction The articles highlight the study background by linking lack of physical activity as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and its impact on the economy. The author has clearly stated the gap in knowledge that exist, consequently, justifying the purpose and the rationale of the study. For example, according to (Rastogi et al., 2004), there is no study in India that has determined the association between physical inactivity, and the risk of developing coronary heart disease, the lack of research on the subject, therefore, justifies the need to conduct research to provide more information on the subject matter. Moreover, the statement of the problem has been clearly stated in the in the introduction part of the article. For example, in order to identify research problem the author has cited an article that emphasizes that physical inactivity is associated with 1.5 to 2.4 folds increase in CHD risk (Rostagi et al., 2004) A study conducted by Soares et al. (2015) is another good exampl e of journal article citing association between physical activity and coronary heart disease. This information transition well into the purpose of the research. At the same time, there are issues of concern that can be raised by the reader of the article. For example, the author doesnt clearly state the research questions or hypothesis in the introduction part of the article, hence there is a lack of emphasis on the study aims. A studies conducted by (Anderson et al., 2016; Shiroma et al., 2010; Hashibe et al., 2009), are good examples where the research questions have been stated at the end of the introduction part in order to highlight the study aims. In the introduction part the researchers have reviewed different literature with a view of describing both the exposure and the outcome. Furthermore, the information has help the reader understand the subject of interest. The literature used in this journal have helped in highlighting the knowledge gap that exists within the subject area. For example, according to (Rostagi et al., 2004), the researchers have not assessed the association between sedentary life style and risk of coronary heart disease within India. Therefore, the literature justifies the Description of Evidence Exposure The exposure in this study was sedentary life or physical inactivity, it was measured using validated questionnaire. Outcome The risk of developing coronary heart disease as an outcome was associated physical inactivity, the findings from this study revealed that people involved in taking part in walking for 36 minutes every day were having 50% less risk of developing coronary heart disease as compared to non-exercisers as suggested by Rostagi et al. (2004). At the same time, the result from this study revealed that there was an association between increased sedentary life and risk of developing coronary heart disease. For example, the study revealed that spending 3.6 hours in a day on sedentary life related activities was connected to increased risk of developing coronary heart disease by almost 90% (Rostagi et al., 2004). Study Design A case-control study design was used to collect data from acute myocardial infarction in patients. The study participants who were recruited as cases and control Cases were followed up for one year during the period of January 1999 to 2000. There is a good move by the author to improve the internal validity of the study by matching control and cases using age, gender and neighborhood to eliminate the confounding factors. As suggested by (Bowling, 2014; Kepes et al., 2014; Zaccai, 2004), confounding is a type of bias that causes falsehood assessed effect of the exposure on the outcome, and in the case-control studies, it can be controlled through matching. Therefore, the argument justifies the use of matching as suggested by (Rastogi et al., 2004) to use matching to validate the result of this study. At the same time, the use of case-controls design for this study was rightful move, this is because coronary heart disease is rare, and therefore, it required large sample size and a long time to make the follow-up in order to discover newly developed cases to test the hypothesis. Moreover, the design allowed for analysis of multivariate which also helped in eliminating the confounding bias leading to the improved validity of the study findings. The study design used allowed the use of multiple exposures that could allow the testing of new hypothesis. The use of case-control design allowed the author to measure the association between the physical inactivity and coronary heart disease as an outcome by calculating the odd ratio. However, there are certain fundamental issues that can be raised by a reader of this article. For example, using case-control study design the researchers cannot assess the scale of other diseases that would result from physical inactivity as specific exposure. Another issue that might be raised by the reader concerning the use of case-control study is due to the fact that there are possibilities of recall bias. I would have suggested the use of cohort study despite some of its shortcomings. The argument of using cohort study design when assessing the association between physical activity and coronary heart disease has been supported by researchers. For example, according to (Shiroma et al., 2010), the use of prospective cohort study design is highly recommended when conducting a study to determine an association between physical activity and the occurrence coronary heart disease because the design limits the recall bias of physical activity. A studies conducted by (Li and Siegrist., 2012; Rognmo et al., 2012; Stott et al., 2012; Sofi et al., 2008) is a perfect example of a study that supports the above argument. The risk of association between the exposure and the outcome cannot be measured, whereas this can be achieved when a cohort study is done. For example, a studies conducted by (Soares et al., 2015; Mons et al., 2014; Sattelmair et al., 201; Chow et al., 2010), established the increased risk of adverse outcome in physically inactive coronary heart disease patients. Lastly, a variety of other healthcare problems resulting from the exposure (physical inactivity) cannot be determined because the case has to be defined before the commencement of the study. Study Population; The cases recruited in the study were inpatients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and aged 21-74 years. It is worth noting that the researchers involved in this study used the restriction of age to limit the confounding factors. According to (Boccia et al., 2007), the use of restriction is an effective way to prevent confounding in any study. At the same time, matching of control to cases by age, gender and hospital were a good move by the author because it also helped in limiting the confounding factors leading to study validation. Matching is another way of controlling the confounding as suggested by Boccia et al. (2007). However, there are drawbacks that the reader can realize from matching of the participants, for example, when several confounders are matched it can be difficult to recruit the study participants, it might be difficult to realize the effects of the matched variable, and lastly there can be an introduction of confounding if the variables that have a stron g correlation with the exposure. The author clearly indicated how the cases were recruited into the study, according to (Rastogi et al., 2004), the cases were recruited using Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) study criteria. Besides, the author has precisely defined the case, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria of recruitment of the study participants have also been mentioned this makes it easy for the study to be reproduced besides reducing bias in the study. For example, in this study, the researchers excluded the individuals with the previous history of acute myocardial infarction from the study. This was well-thought move as family history is a risk factor for the development of acute myocardial infarction, from the table 2 family history has relative risk of 1.9. Therefore, it can cause confounding if such cases were not eliminated from the study. Patients recruited as the controls, in the study were selected from the hospital settings and the same exclusion criter ia used for the cases was applied. To prevent selection bias it is recommended that the individuals recruited as the control be selected from the population where cases have been recruited from. Therefore, with regards to this study the controls were recruited from the hospital on the basis of the inclusion criteria used to recruit cases, besides controls were also recruited from the same hospital settings as the cases. This was done to reduce the chance of selection bias in the study. According to (Boccia et al., 2007), selection bias comes as result of the difference in the relationship between the study participants and those who theoretically could have participated in the study and this include those who were not recruited into the study, and it is related to recruitment of the study cases and control. Main findings and Discussion The researchers of this article begin results presentation by linking back the research findings to the general aim of the study which was to determine the association of physical inactivity and increased possibility of developing CHD (Rastogi et al., 2004). The result of multivariate analysis revealed that participating in 36 minutes of walking every day has the potential of reducing risk of developing CHD by 55% matched to individuals who do not practice the brisk walking every day, with the reported relative risk of 0.45. The bar graph (Figure 1) was used by the study researcher to represent the results of different levels of leisure time exercise. The results revealed that for non-exercisers the relative risk was 1% ,for participants who exercised between 0-145 met-minutes/day the relative risk was 0.96% and for individuals who practiced 145 met-minutes/day the relative risk was 0.44%. The authors used a very simple and clear method of result presentation making it easy for inter pretation and inferential statistics. The other major finding reported by the researchers was an association between sedentary lifestyle and increased possibility of developing CHD. According to (Rastogi et al., 2004), spending 3.6 hours in a day on sedentary lifestyle was associated with 90% increase in the risk of developing CHD. The results of this study revealed that the time spent on working each day was linked to the risk of developing CHD but it was not significant this are reflected in (Table 3B), according to (Rastogi et al., 2004), the results revealed that persons working a median of ten hours every day recorded an relative risk of 1.9%. The validity of the results from this study can be obtained by focusing on the effects of chance, bias, and confounding. According to (Zaccai, 2004), validity is referred as the degree to which statistical inference drawn from research is warranted when an account is taken of the study methodology, how the sample recruited from the general population is a true representative and the general nature of the population from which the sample is drawn. Internal validity main focus is the elimination of systemic errors in the study, while the external validity focuses on extent to which the result of the study provides the foundation for making statistical inferences. It is not possible to completely rule out chance, in this study the authors reported findings that were statistically significant having the p-value with accepted values below the quoted hypothesis p= 0.05. For example, the result of multivariate analysis revealed that participating in 36 minutes of brisk walking per day has t he potential of reducing the risk of suffering CHD by 55% in comparison to individuals who do not practice the brisk walking every day, with the reported relative risk of 0.45 and the reported P= 0.0001. Therefore, to eliminate non-causal association observed in from the study findings between exposure and outcome the authors controlled the covariates that included age, sex, hospital and performed multivariate analysis. This was part of internal validity by the researchers. At the same time, the researcher carried out the internal validity by eliminating the selection bias. For example, in this study to address the issue emanating from the selection bias the patients used as controls were recruited from the same hospitals where the cases were recruited. To improve internal validity the researcher eliminated confounding factors. First, the patients used as the control in the study were recruited by matching their age, gender and those of the cases. At the same time, the eligible cases were patients aged 21-74 years, this is a form of restriction that was applied by the researchers to eliminate the confounding factors. It is worth noting that despite the efforts by the researchers of this study both internally and externally improve the study validity, it clear to the reader that there were some weakness in the study. For example, there could be other sources of bias in the study that were not addressed by the authors such as measurement biases. It is clear to me that more than one research assistant was involved in obtaining anthropometric measurement, hence its possible to have errors at the same time the researchers didnt provide information regarding the validation of data collection tools such as scales, height boards and specifi cally questionnaire used for the anthropometric measurements. Moreover, the other source of bias to this study could be attributed to Berksons bias, this is because controls were selected from the hospital where the cases were admitted rather than the general population where the cases originated from. According to (Boccia et al., 2007), Berksons bias applies to case-control studies conducted in the hospital setting, because there are different rates of hospital admission for cases and controls. The other possible source of bias for this study is due to differential misclassification recall bias due to difference in accuracy and completeness of the exposure information between the cases and control patients. For example, individuals with coronary heart disease will tend to have more information on the risk factors associated with the disease and the exposure status as compared to control who are less interested in the disease and the exposure. According to (Boccia et al., 2007), dif ferential misclassification is bias that occurs mostly in case-control studies and it is shown when there is difference in accuracy and completeness of exposure information between the cases and control. Non-differential misclassification due to recall bias could also invalidate this study. This is possible during the data collection processes where cases and control could not accurately remember the levels of physical activities they have conducted, leading to inaccurate classification into levels of exercise impacting on reduction in the difference in the exposure levels in both cases and control in the same manner. A strong association in this study was established by the result of multivariate analysis that revealed that participating in 36 minutes of brisk walking per day has the potential of reducing risk of developing coronary heart disease by 55% compared to individuals who do not practice the brisk walking every day. The findings from this research are consistent with other reported results. For example, the result of the multivariate analysis revealed that participating in 36 minutes of brisk walking per day has the potential of reducing the risk of developing CHD by 55% matched to individuals who do not practice the brisk walking every day, with the reported relative risk of 0.45. This findings are supported by a cohort studies conducted by (Heran et al., 2011; Meisinger et al., 2007), the results from this study revealed that high level participation in physical activity was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. There is a dose-response relationship in this study because the relative risk of myocardial infarction has linear decrease with the increase in the level of leisure-time physical exercise. References Anderson, L., Oldridge, N., Thompson, D. R., Zwisler, A. D., Rees, K., Martin, N., Taylor, R. S. (2016). Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,67(1), 1-12. Boccia, S., La Torre, G., Persiani, R., D'Ugo, D., van Duijn, C. M., Ricciardi, G. (2007). A critical appraisal of epidemiological studies comes from basic knowledge: a reader's guide to assess potential for biases.World Journal of Emergency Surgery,2(1), 7. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Chow, C. K., Jolly, S., Rao-Melacini, P., Fox, K. A., Anand, S. S., Yusuf, S. (2010). Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes.Circulation,121(6), 750-758. Hashibe, M., Brennan, P., Chuang, S. C., Boccia, S., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., ... Fernandez, L. (2009). Interaction between tobacco and alcohol use and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium.Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers,18(2), 541-550. Heran, B. S., Chen, J. M., Ebrahim, S., Moxham, T., Oldridge, N., Rees, K., ... Taylor, R. S. (2011). Exercise?based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.The Cochrane Library. Li, J., Siegrist, J. (2012). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular diseasea meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.International journal of environmental research and public health,9(2), 391-407. Kepes, S., Bennett, A. A., McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Evidence-based management and the trustworthiness of our cumulative scientific knowledge: Implications for teaching, research, and practice.Academy of Management Learning Education,13(3), 446-466. Meisinger, C., Lwel, H., Heier, M., Kandler, U., Dring, A. (2007). Association of sports activities in leisure time and incident myocardial infarction in middle-aged men and women from the general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study.European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention Rehabilitation,14(6), 788-792. Mons, U., Hahmann, H., Brenner, H. (2014). A reverse J-shaped association of leisure time physical activity with prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease: evidence from a large cohort with repeated measurements.Heart,100(13), 1043-1049. Rognmo, ., Moholdt, T., Bakken, H., Hole, T., Mlstad, P., Myhr, N. E., ... Wislff, U. (2012). Cardiovascular risk of high-versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in coronary heart disease patients.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-112. Quincy, B., Ragan, P. (2017). Critical Appraisal of Observational Designs.The Journal of Physician Assistant Education,28(1), 49-52. Salmond, S., Porter, S. (2016). Critical Appraisal.Comprehensive Systematic Review for Advanced Practice Nursing, 173. Sattelmair, J., Pertman, J., Ding, E. L., Kohl, H. W., Haskell, W., Lee, I. M. (2011). Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-110. Shiroma, E. J., Lee, I. M. (2010). Physical activity and cardiovascular health.Circulation,122(7), 743-752. Soares-Miranda, L., Siscovick, D. S., Psaty, B. M., Longstreth, W. T., Mozaffarian, D. (2015). Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.Circulation, CIRCULATIONAHA-115. Sofi, F., Capalbo, A., Cesari, F., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F. (2008). Physical activity during leisure time and primary prevention of coronary heart disease: an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies.European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention Rehabilitation,15(3), 247-257. Stott-Miller, M., Chen, C., Chuang, S. C., Lee, Y. C. A., Boccia, S., Brenner, H., ... Levi, F. (2012). History of diabetes and risk of head and neck cancer: a pooled analysis from the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium.Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers,21(2), 294-304. Zaccai, J. H. (2004). How to assess epidemiological studies.Postgraduate medical journal,80(941), 140-147.

Key Challenges for Recruiting the Workforce †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Key Challenges for Recruiting the Workforce. Answer: Introduction Recruitment is an organization is considered to be a key element that will enable an organization to effectively and efficiently attain its set goals and objectives. In this case, the recruitment process in any particular organization has to be given much consideration to ensure that an organization attains its set goals and objectives. The recruitment process in an organization, therefore, should base on job description as well as job specification. Primarily, the entire process has to enable the organization in getting the right personnel who will enable an organization to get the right person with required skills and expertise to be able to offer quality services and products to meet clients expectations. BHP Billiton Ltd is an amalgamation of two corporations: BHP Billiton Ltd, which has its head office in Australia and BHP Billiton with its main London, England. BHP Billiton Limited is a worldwide company that has been featured to offer various products and services in the marketing industry. Ever since 2001, BHPB Company has been featured to operate in a structure of the dually listed organization ("BHP Billiton to expand Australian coal mine," 2009). Both companies operate under its own entity of economic which managed and controlled under a unified Board of Directors and administration team (Gandhi, Cooper, Barker, 2015). The purpose of the report is to find out how BHPB carry out Personnel selection Personnel selection It is the process which is systematic and involves making decisions on individuals that should be employed to fill the open positions in a given organization. The core reasons for selection are the identification as well as recruitment of individuals with required skills and expertise, knowledge and abilities that would enable them to complete the given tasks for the organizations successfully (K, 2010). In this case, studies indicated that the organization faced a lot of challenges in the entire personnel selection process. For instance, the process is considered to be expensive. That is, personnel selection process will need an organization to hire competent personnel with required skills and expertise to effectively and efficiently scrutinize the applicants thus enabling the organization to get the right person with required qualification as well as experience as specified in the advert in relation to the job specification. Therefore, based on this, the process is considered to be expensive for it needs a specialist to conduct the entire process. For the hiring and retention to be efficient, there has to be consistency and compliance in the recruitment as well as the selection process, the following steps are recommended. Inadequate information in relation to that particular post in an organization is another major problem that is encountered by an organization in the entire recruitment process. In this case, the organization should ensure that it prescribe well the vacant position in an organization thus encouraging people with required skills and expertise to apply for the required qualifications thus making the entire selection process to be easy. Therefore, in this case, a testimonial should go over positions vital functions and its duties in relation to boosting supervising the activities of the management unit and organization. Therefore, with the proper job description in the advert, the organization will be in a better position to save time as well as resources required to identify the required person in the entire recruitment process. As a result, the organization identified time as well as expenses and inadequate description of the vacant position in the organization to be the major challeng es that the organization is encountering in its recruitment process. In addition, employee turnover is another aspect that has been considered to be a challenge to the entire recruitment process. In this case, it is indicated that selected people with the wrong qualification are an aspect that contributes employee turnover. Therefore, the management of the organization should ensure the entire recruitment process attract and retain competent employees in an organization that enabling an organization to effectively and efficiently attain its set goals and objectives within a particular period of time. For the hiring and retention to be efficient, there has to be consistency and compliance in the recruitment as well as the selection process, the following step recommended. Poor feminist performers are kept and promoted based on sexual appeal Discrimination .The Company tends to favor more woman than male in the organization, hence poor planning and management style (Landers, Schmidt, n.d.). A good company should exercise gender equality for more production. Effective staff management and development is very productive to ensuring your workplace runs efficiently and smoothly, and that productive employees are in right positions. Well managed employees who receive continuous training and evaluation. Prepared to do their work and to serve customers in the right way hence better and increased profits and more satisfied clients, unlike poor staffing which will lead to the chaotic and unorganized work environment, which will make the company lose valuable (Retention and recruitment for the volunteer emergency services, 2007). Therefore, there is an idea that leaves other male employees more frustrated. Poor management and leadership style In this case, poor management, as well as leadership styles employed by an organization, is considered to be another major challenge faced by an organization in the entire recruitment process. In this case, the management should ensure that its management styles give room to the absorption of new qualified personnel who will enable an organization to attain its set goals and objectives (STAFSUDD, 2003). In addition, the major role of the management in an organization is to plan in advance the entire recruitment process. Therefore, the organization should ensure that it has well management structure that will not complicate the entire recruitment process with corruption thus enabling it to recruit an individual with required skill and expertise. Solutions to the challenges Identification and evaluating vacant position in the organization is considered to be the solutions to the problem. In this case, Recruitment can enable an organization to bring in qualified and competent employees to a particular department in an organization to enable it enhances the effectiveness of its daily operations. Therefore, a particular department need identify the vacant position and determine the required skills and expertise thus enabling the organization to get the right person (SUSMAN, 2009). Therefore, this aspect will be helpful in avoiding discrimination at BHPB. Findings Explanation of the position is the center of successful recruitment procedure in any organization. It enables to identify the required skills and expertise for the job in the organization. In this case, the organization should ensure that it develop a realistic job description that will enable the applicants to identify qualification before applying for the job thus being able to lock out unqualified candidates and encouraging only those ones with required qualifications (Hampson, Williamson, Wilby, Jaki, 2015). Recruitment decisions based on balanced business requirements, which assists in establishing routine goals, gives clear distinctions involving a degree of tasks and competencies needed. Therefore, successful recruitment needs to based on a well-planned organizational schedule. Recommendation In relation to recruitment challenges, it is therefore recommended that the management in an organization should come up with policies that will serve as guidelines in reducing corruption among other challenges that prevent effective recruitment process in an organization. In addition, to reduce unwanted applications, the management should also ensure that job description is well elaborated in the advert to encourage only qualified candidates to apply for the position thus saving time for scrutinizing qualified candidates. In addition, it is recommended that the organization should rely on Human resource department to scrutinize applicants over external recruiting agency because the department knows the exact skills and expertise required to enable the organization gets the right person for the job Conclusions It is helpful to conduct job psychotherapy to sort the position according to what is presently needed and to make sure proper categorization for the newly created position (Landers, Schmidt, n.d.) In addition, the management of the organization should ensure that it carry out adequate job evaluation in the identification of the possible challenges thus being able to get the right person within a part. In addition, the company should also set minimum requirements in the advert thus attracting required individual who will not leave an organization or will not need extra training to be able to carry out specified duties fully and responsibilities in an organization ("Recruitment Challenges," 2007). Also, time and cost have as well as the availability of qualified personnel is the major challenge that is faced by the organization in the entire recruitment process. Therefore, to ensure that an organization encounters this challenges, the company should ensure that it plans in advance as well as budgeting for the entire process thus it will be able to conduct a free and fair recruitment process without much difficulties or challenges. References BHP Billiton plans iron ore mining expansion in Western Australia. (2010).Pump Industry Analyst,2010(2), 3-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6128(10)70051-3 BHP Billiton to expand Australian coal mine. (2009).Pump Industry Analyst,2009(8), 4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6128(09)70319-2 Gandhi, V., Cooper, C., Barker, K. (2015). Recruitment challenges in physiotherapy trials.Trials,16(S2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-16-s2-p95 Hampson, L., Williamson, P., Wilby, M., Jaki, T. (2015). Recruitment progression rules for internal pilot studies monitoring recruitment.Trials,16(S2). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-16-s2-o89 Landers, R., Schmidt, G.Social media in employee selection and recruitment. Recruitment challenges. (2009). Recruitment Challenges. (2007).Psychiatric News,42(17), 6-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.42.17.0006a Retention and recruitment for the volunteer emergency services. (2007) (1st ed.). Emmitsburg, Md. STAFSUDD, A. (2003). RECRUITMENT POLICY VS. RECRUITMENT PROCESS: ESPOUSED THEORY AND THEORY-IN-USE.Academy Of Management Proceedings,2003(1), G1-G6. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2003.13792975 SUSMAN, E. (2009). Surveys Reveal Recruitment Challenges and the Strategies for Alzheimer Disease Trials.Neurology Today,9(19), 23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000363216.88601.3

Dr. Durand Philosophy By Reginald Moore Essays - Collectivism

Dr. Durand Philosophy By Reginald Moore Reflective Essay Prepared for Dr. Durand Philosophy By Reginald Moore 213-94-2165 Reflective Essay What makes up a good family? Does your family communicate well? These are the questions that many people in America ask. They battle with these questions everyday when they think about the way their family acts. I have also battle with these questions especially when it comes to my family. My family is one of uniqueness, which causes lots of conflicts. I battle an individualistic sister, a communitarian mother, and a civic republican brother. With all these different personalities in the house it is no wonder it seems like our house is a lifestyle enclave. Looking at my family is like looking at American homes today. It shows the effect of a society that is all about on the go activities. My sister would be in my own words a perfect example of an individualistic person. She like in the book Habits of the Heart only deals with issues that are important to her. My sister focuses on what can make her life better and if this involves some kind of communitarian activity only then will she participate. She mostly jumps from relationship to relationship because of her need for pleasure. It matters not to my sister what is going on with the world unless it affects her personally. A good example of this is when my sister and I volunteered at a local shelter for Thanksgiving. This is a ritual that I have keep since my grandfather past away. My sister went to the shelter this year in order to get some volunteer hours for her transcript because she wants to transfer to another college. At the shelter she saw first hand for the first time in her life people less fortunate then herself. This shook her up, and made her think about how lucky she is only then was my sister finally con cerned about the homeless problem in America. Even though, this sound likes a made for television movie they show each year, around the holidays it is true and shows how like my sister the individualistic community of America that we live in. In this way she is a perfect example of individualism in America. Moreover, my mother is on the other end of the spectrum. My mother in her own words Gives a piece of herself to everyone. She is a very good example of a communitarian. The first sample of her kindness starts with her occupation. My mother has been a junior high school teacher for 25 years. During this time many people have realized my mother's giving and kindness for her community. She is always willing to go above and beyond the call of duty to help make a difference in a student's life. However, her occupation is just the start of her giving. She is also a community leader through her second career as a pastor. She has only been a preacher for 6 years however; she has been able to do a lot for her church and her community during this time. She is always bringing her work home. Like a good communitarian she does everything to help better the community. My mother has only three children but has thousands of adopted children. She loves all her children the same even the adopted ones. A good example of this is what occurred during my last trip home. I came home because of the illness of my grandmother. My mother has to sit up with my grandmother just in case she gets up and hurts herself in the middle of the night. This is a very trying time for my mother however she took a piece of her time to counsel one of her adopted daughters. This girl was on the verge of committing suicide. My mother helped her realize how important she is to the world. My mother gives of her time to help the better of the community without personal gain. This helps show she is a good example of a communitarian. However, my brother is different from all of us. He is what I call the good American boy. He also is a product of social groups the

IB Extended Essay History Topics - Creative And Interesting Ideas

IB Extended Essay History Topics - Creative And Interesting IdeasIB Extended Essay History topics are based on history. They are generally short essays that focus on a particular period in history. These topics are usually about people, events, places, and aspects of history that relate to society. Often the topics are about people who have not been well-known, but who shaped the society as a whole.For example, a class in a sociology class may teach the students about what they call 'African American history' in order to get them interested in African American Culture and History. If one wants to write an essay that focuses on the Asian American experience, they can also do so because there is a large range of Asian American culture and history that has shaped the American and Chinese cultures and societies. This is a great way to write an essay that teaching someone about history, or at least it could be a great way to learn.IB Extended Essay History Topics also helps students learn about America and the ways in which different people have influenced the history of the country. Of course, they have already learned the history of the nation, but the way students learn it can be very interesting to see the changes in the events, the people, and the cultures. The lesson that this lesson will teach is how America has changed over time, and how different cultures have contributed to this change. It can also help students understand American history better, and better focus on how the history of America can be learned through history lessons.An extension of the course can be to create a topic about the national parks and monuments in the United States. Some of these can be found in national parks, but many of them were created by the government and managed by the government. There are several sites in the country that are dedicated to the history of the people who built the sites and even the people who are still living in the country, in order to share the stories that people have from the past. Perhaps one can use the information that is uncovered through these topics to analyze how well the government has managed the parks and monuments that exist.Another idea for IB Extended Essay History Topics would be to teach the course with the idea of American Indians. You can learn how the Native Americans in the country have contributed to society, and the importance of their contributions through the Civil War. Many of the Indian communities are still alive and still raising families, and these historical events can be discussed with the students.The History of Business is another topic for IB Extended Essay History Topics. Students will learn how the different industries have changed over time, how they have shaped the society, and how these changes in the society have affected the world.IB Extended Essay History Topics can be an amazing way to get students interested in the history of the world, and the history of America as well. With all of th e ways in which history can affect people's lives, and how history can affect a person, many students are very interested in learning about the history of their country, and especially the history of America.

World Civilization Primary Source Essay

World Civilization Primary Source Essay The two texts highlight the importance of proper behavior in ancient China. The similarities and differences in the two texts show how life was in ancient China. Confucius’ Analects and The Writings of Master Han Fei, are similar in their portrayal of life in ancient China. However, the two authors have different perspectives on issues related to human nature, moral codes of conduct and leadership.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Civilization Primary Source specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Confucius’ writings place a high importance on human nature and behavior in society. He praises men who have good virtues because they easily form strong mutual relationships in societies where they live. He argues that these people have a positive social approach to life which makes other people to emulate their actions and conduct. They have a deep understanding of societal norms and behavior expected of them as members of the society. Confucius believes that men who display high moral standards have the necessary qualities to become leaders (Coallier 85). Confucius’ views are similar to the opinions of Han Fei, who believes strong leaders are able to maintain public order in the society. Both authors agree that good public manners, public order and integrity, determine the level of prosperity a society is going to have. Han Fei argues, â€Å" Therefore, the intelligent sovereign makes the law, selects men and makes no arbitrary promotion himself† (Brindley 172). He argues that every person in the society has a responsibility to ensure that proper codes of conduct are observed when leaders perform their duties. Han Fei emphasizes on the need for good laws in maintaining order. Good laws need to be conformed to by all in the society. A state where citizens observe law and order becomes strong and powerful. The two authors agree that proper moral codes in the society bring ab out positive change in the way people live. Confucius argues that people are likely to emulate or disobey a leader because of the moral traits he projects. He feels that people are likely to follow a leader without being pushed if his social conduct is beyond reproach (Coallier 89). He insists that a virtuous leader practices kindness because this replicates the feelings his subjects have towards him and his leadership. He asserts that leaders can impact on masses positively, if they encourage them to observe good moral codes. People need to be educated for them to behave well.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Han Fei argues that a ruler needs to surround himself with men of virtue, who have high moral standards. He observes that for any society to be strong and powerful, people must observe laws which enforce moral standards. All individuals must be equal before the law. A leade r who respects and enforces the law makes his society prosperous. He argues that a leader should exercise his authority fully for people to have proper discipline. This makes it possible for public order to prevail. Han Fei insists that leaders must measure up to the expectations of their subjects, so that all activities run smoothly (Brindley 174). Both authors value the level of influence leaders and the aristocracy have on other people in the society. Even though the two writers value the influence leaders have in maintaining social tranquility, they have different views on how leaders should exercise their power. Han Fei differs from Confucius because he advocates for leaders to rule through the law.. Han Fei’s argues that the law is a tool which the government uses to control its people. He has a cynical attitude towards human nature; he describes all individuals as selfish and evil. He asserts that leaders can use the law to reward obedient citizens and punish wayward, disobedient citizens (Brindley 176). He argues that a strong leader deters errant members of a society from doing evil deeds because of severe punishments they are likely to experience. Confucius has a different perception on how a government should maintain public order and tranquility. He argues that leaders who maintain positive relations with their subjects, are likely to hold power for long (Coallier 92). He perceives human nature as inherently virtuous and as such, leaders should use their charisma and moral influence to win the support of people they lead. He believes moral education and codes of conduct are the most effective means through which a leader can reform the society. Confucius is of the view that a leader should not impose his will on people without taking time to understand them. He maintains that a leader should rally his people towards a cause that is beneficial to the whole society, for him to be valued. Han Fei argues that leaders should carefully balance bet ween patronage and punishment, to remain influential in their societies. He observes that this is the only way through which merit and good behavior in the society can be encouraged. If leaders offer rewards to virtuous members of a society, other people will be motivated to be virtuous so that they get rewarded (Brindley 178).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on World Civilization Primary Source specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The law should be used to reward people that have shown merit in what they do and punish those who go against the set moral standards. He emphasizes that for the law to be effective, it must be simple for everyone in the society to understand it. Confucius emphasizes that good governance by leaders influence people positively. He argues that leaders need to restrict the manner in which they exercise their powers to maintain good relations with their subjects. He does not advocate for leaders to use punishments to reform errant members of the society. He does not think that punishments are the most effective ways through which a leader can make his subjects obedient (Coallier 95). He insists that the only way leaders can exercise control over their people is by winning their confidence through acts of compassion. Confucius believes that a strong society, is one where a leader has strong character and is ready to serve his people. Han Fei has a low opinion of morality in the society, as he believes human beings are naturally selfish and evil. He believes that rulers should only be kind to people that display selfless behavior and integrity. Leaders should reward people who are obedient and punish those who are disobedient. He believes that members of a society need an incentive for them to act in a desirable way (Brindley 180). The only incentive that leaders can offer people who display merit are in form of rewards as stipulated by the law. In conclusion, the two authors va lue the need for a strong governing authority in the society. However, Confucius’ arguments are mainly influenced by moralist principles, while Han Fei has a more pragmatic and cynical view of human nature. Brindley, Erica. Human Agency and the Self in Thought and Politics. Hawaii: University Of Hawaii Press, 2010. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coallier, Julien. Confucius Analects: Digital Age Edition. Bloomington: Book Tango, 2012. Print.

The Key Strategic Issues That ABB Company Is Facing Coursework

The Key Strategic Issues That ABB Company Is Facing - Coursework Example This research tells that in today’s world, global organizations and companies are changing day by day due to the ever-increasing world changes across all sectors. This has led to the emergence of different strategies of doing business by different companies. Based on researches carried out on various case studies including ABB, key strategic issues ought to be addressed in order for companies to overcome the difficulties and problems they face. According to De Wit and Meyer, the concept of mergers and acquisitions (M& A’s) has been seen as the way out to the globalization of economies. Globalization of economies is identified as a key strategic issue faced by ABB given that Companies are competing more and more in relation to costs of raw materials, operational costs, cost of labor and technological advancements. Concern on competitive advantage by ABB like other companies is used for testing better and effective strategies to counter increased competition in the market . Although it has led to improved and better performance in ABB, other companies have been faced with difficulties resulting in financial crisis hence closures. High rates of competition have presented companies to external as well as internal economic forces. Moreover, clients have experienced low-quality service and product delivery due to the use of poor management strategies. Financial crisis resulting from a competitive advantage on other hand has catapulted competition forces between market segments. All together management strategies and associates impact general economic growth and development to national economies. The aspect of inside-out strategy has enabled companies like ABB to create the organizations newly through mergers or acquisitions. Also, capability building through strategic management provides appropriate market opportunities to companies. Therefore, economic sustainable growth and development become an issue in relation to management strategies. Using the bri efings that you have prepared for the tutorials apply the key points from your briefings to the case study ABB case study presents globalization as argued by Haberberg and Rieple, referring it as whereby global economies, societies, and cultures practice economic integration id different perspectives. Companies have embarked on forming global networks in the name of attaining development goals in major sectors of transport, trade and communications. Based on the ABB case, internationalization is identified as a significant factor in the development, management and growth of the business. Globalization faces criticisms from the negative perspective of its resultant activities. it is argued that the concept has led to the increased disparity between the rich economies and the developing poor nations. According to the researches carried out, this has contributed to increased global competition between companies. The field of electrical and management within relevant organizations such as ABB are not left out in the consideration of planning strategy towards standardization. Thus, poor and developing economies continue to experience difficulties at the expense of the developed ones in the name of globalization.

How the rise of China has hurt the US economy Research Paper

How the rise of China has hurt the US economy - Research Paper Example However, there are fears for the US economy that China’s economic growth may beset America’s economy. Over time, China has accumulated trillions of American dollars of currency reserves. Out of these reserves, about 800 billion US dollars are treasury bonds. This development is a culmination of escalating balance of trade surpluses that China has had with America, since China sells to the US much more than America can sell to China. In the course of this development, China has played the instrumental role of elbowing many American manufacturers out of business (Clark and Monk, 99-100) According to Liang, with the large stockpile of money mentioned above and the leverage this stockpile gives China, China is now threatening to dump the US treasury bonds and the American dollar on the market. The crux of the matter herein is that in the event that China executes this move, America’s currency will have been significantly devalued and the price of goods will skyrocket. This means that America’s economy will have been crippled. Although China has never made good this threat, yet the fact that it made this threat reveals its possibility. This situation has been gradually building up and it therefore continues to place America in a precarious position. This is because America has been producing less and has continued to increasingly survive on imports (Liang, 54). Mundell contends that a very strong way in which China’s growing economy continues to undermine America’s economy is by blocking US’ exports. What informs this decision by China is the fact that the People’s Republic of China reserves the largest part of its market strictly for state-owned businesses. The Beijing Administration demands that state-owned organizations have dominance domestic markets in railways, coal, telecom and other areas of key strategic interests. This means that these firms are immune from